A Study to assess The Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding First Aid Management of chocking among Primary school teacher at selected school at Dehradun

Simpson. S¹, Yadav. R²

¹M.Sc. Nursing Student, State College of Nursing, Chander Nagar, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

²Professor & Principal, State College of Nursing, Chander Nagar, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

*Corresponding Author E-mail:

ABSTRACT:

An pre experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on first aid management of choking among primary school teachers. A pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding first aid management of choking among primary school teachers, Uttarakhand. The sample consists of 50 primary school teachers from selected schools of Dehradun, who are available at the time of study. Convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of samples. The data was collected through self- developed questionnaire and PTP. Result shows the major findings indicated that maximum teachers do not have adequate knowledge regarding first aid management of choking. PTP was found to be very effective method of provide information regarding the first aid management of choking. The mean post-test level of knowledge is significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score that is 17.6 in pre-test and 24.7 in post-test with paired “t”=9.54 (df 49) at P=0.05 significance. There was no association between the knowledge and demographic variables estimated by ANOVA. The study concluded that the PTP on first aid management of choking was an effective method for providing the knowledge. Findings of the study showed that the knowledge scores of primary school teachers were very less before the administration of PTP. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that a similar study may be replicated using a large number of participants. More intervention studies should be carried out for improving the knowledge regarding the first aid management of choking.

KEYWORDS: Planned Teaching Programme, First Aid Management.

INTRODUCTION:

As children spend most of their time in home and school. The biggest threats to children’s health lurk in the vary places where they should be safest- home and school. A school is an exciting place for children, who love to explore but aren’t aware of potential danger. Due to their rapid developing motor and sensory ability children shows explorative behaviours. In schools they had influence of their classmates, which make them more curious to perform such activities which can lead to threat full situation for them. Accidents occurring commonly in children among one to six years include, poisoning (90%), falls (80.7%) burns and scalds (62.5%), and foreign body aspiration and drowning (42%). Choking or foreign body aspiration is a fourth leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality, especially in the children between the age of 6 months to 6 years. it is a severe life thre atening condition that may cause chronic lung injury, if not treated early. As the symptoms of choking can confuse with pneumonia and asthma, an early detection and management of patient can reduce the mortality rate due to choking in childrens.

Objectives The objectives of the study were:

1) To Develop a tool for assessing the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding first aid management of choking.

2) To Develop a planned teaching programme regarding first aid management of choking.

3) To Assess the knowledge of the primary school teachers regarding first aid management of chocking.

4) To Administer the planned teaching programme on first aid management of choking on primary school teachers.

5) To Determine the effectiveness of planned teaching program in terms of increased knowledge regarding first aid management of chocking.

6) To Find out the association between the knowledge of primary school teachers regarding first aid management of choking, and the their selected demographic variable of the teachers.

Review of literature:

Gregori D et all (2009) conducted a retrospective study in 19 major European countries regarding foreign bodies in upper airway causing complication and requiring hospitalization. It was found that 552 cases were recorded in which foreign body was found in trachea and lungs and in 12.7% cases the complication occurred. Children were mostly from the age group of 0-4 years. The most common foreign objects were nuts, seeds, berry, corn, and beans.

Arvind sehgal et all (2002) made a survey to determine the cause and effective management of choking among young children in new Delhi. Case records of the patients suspected to have a foreign body aspiration over the past 4 years were analysed and clinical and radiological findings were used to determine the type of choking.out of 75 children 70 had bronchial foreign bodies .and the three-fourth cases were below age of 2 years. It was found that peanuts were the most common cause of food related choking.

Fan jiang et all (2012)conducted a cross sectional study among the staff members at selected preschools of shanghai. The aim of the study were to assess the baseline level of first aid knowledge and overall attitudes regarding first aid among preschool staff. A random stratified sampling was used and data was collected by using a multiple- choice questionnaire. Total 1067 samples were taken and none of the employee answer all question correctly only 39 individual (3.7%) achieved passing score. In particular subjects lacked knowledge regarding first aid for convulsive seizures (only 16.5% answered correctly), chemical injuries to the eye (23%), inhaled poison (27.6%), and choking and coughing (30.1%). By multiple linear regression analysis it was found that more educated staff members have better knowledge and those who received first aid training before or were already health care provider, younger employee, and staff members from rural districts. The study concluded that the knowledge of first aid among preschool staff in shanghai was low and there was urgent need to educate them regarding first aid practice and various risk factors related to specific injuries.

Nitin Joseph et all (2015)A quantitative research was done to determine awareness, attitude, and practice of school teachers and the facilities available at schools with respect to administration of first aid. Data was collected from 146 teachers in 9 schools in Mangalore using a self administered questionnaire. Schools were also inspected for the first aid facility. The result of study showed that only 69(47%) teachers had received first aid training previously. 19(13%) teachers had poor and 127(87%) teachers had moderate knowledge. Most of the teachers 96(66%) were willing to provide first aid with the required training. And a total 74 teachers reported having practised first aid in response to a situation requiring first aid at their schools. Teachers confidence level in administering first aid was significantly associated with prior training in first aid (p=0.001).

Data collection:

Data collection prior written permission was obtained from the concerned authority. Samples were selected using convenient sampling technique. Informed consent obtained from the participant. Demographic data was collected and structured interview questionnaires administered.

Table 1: distribution according to demographic variable (n=50)

Demographic variables

Age (in years)

a. 20-30

b. 31-40

c. 41-50

d. Above 50

Qualification

a. Graduate

b. B.ed

c. M.ed

d. Doctorate

Experience (in years)

a. 0-5

b. 6-10

c. 11-15

d. >15

Source of previous information

a. Media

b. Workshop

c. Books

Number

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2

d. 3

e. >3

Limitations: The study was limited to only 3 schools as the time for data collection was limited.

Delimitation: the study was limited to the teachers of government schools.

Results and interpretation:

The data was tabulated, analysed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics methods. Sections I was demographic profile of the samples. Section II effectiveness of intervention in terms of increase knowledge level. Section III showed an association between knowledge and selected socio demographic variable.

Table 1 shoes that 36% belong to the age group of above 50 years, 84% are B.ed teachers, 54% are having more than 15 years of experience, 62% teachers selected books as their previous source of information, 42%teachers having 2 children.

Figure 1 show that 5% of the subjects have the good knowledge, 63% were having average knowledge and 32% had poor knowledge in pre test. Figure 2 show that 56.6% of the subjects have the good knowledge, 41.6% were having average knowledge and 1.6% were having poor knowledge in post test. Table 2 the values of mean and standard deviation of the knowledge score of the student. In this study researcher found no association between the knowledge of teachers regarding first aid management if choking and their selected demographic variable.

Fig 1: Distribution according to the pre test level of knowledge. (n=50)

Fig 2: Distribution according to the post test level of knowledge. (n=50)

DISCUSSION:

The present study found that most of the subjects (36%) were above 50 year of age. Most of the teachers (52%) had average knowledge regarding first aid management of choking. Also there is no association between level of knowledge and their selected demographic variable.

IMPLICATION IN NURSING:

The study findings have very important implication for the nursing profession. Nurses have expanded and extended role for primitive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services at individual, family and community level. First aid is an important aspect of health care which plays a vital role in reducing morbidity and mortality caused by various accidents.

Nursing Practice:

The findings of the present study are focusing on the educator role of a nurse who can bring change in knowledge regarding first aid management of choking in children either in school or in their homes. Before that every nurse should have thorough and updated knowledge about first aid as every year new research contributes in advancement of nursing practice.

Nursing Education:

Students are best place to yield new knowledge. Workshop, in service education, community based programmes on first aid management can be conducted as a project for the students. T he nurses must be trained to keep their knowledge update about first aid management. The nurses must be trained for providing first aid in every situation.

Nursing Administration:

Lack of knowledge about first aid management among teachers can worsen the present scenario. It will direct affect the overall health and development of child. For this as an nurse administrator should plan & organize teaching programme for teachers, parents and people of community. A nurse administrator can involve other agencies to stimulate and prepare the teachers and parents for initiating actions to reduce child morbidity due to choking.

Nursing Research:

There is a need of awareness about the first aid management of various situations and policies are needed to make school environment safer. Research studies should focus on choking and its management to prevent the consequences of choking in children.

RECOMMENDATION:

A similar study can be conducted on a large sample. A similar study can be replied in true experimental design with control and experimental group. Same study can be done among parents as home as most of the accidents with children occur in home. Nurses are the direct care provider to the patient, family and community so this study can be replicated among clinical nurses, school, health nurses, community health nurse and nursing students who can further impart the gained knowledge to the others. Regular training programme can be conducted for the teachers to update their knowledge about first aid.

CONCLUSION:

On the basis of the findings of the study it is revealed that many teachers have poor and average knowledge regarding first aid management of choking, although most of the teachers had more than 15 year of experience but only few of them had attended the workshop on first aid as most of them voted books as their primary source of information regarding first aid. There fore it is essential to train the school teachers about how to act in emergency situation as it is their duty to protect the children during their stay in schools.

REFRENCES:

1. Gregori D1, Salerni L, Scarinzi C, Morra B, Berchialla P, Snidero S, et all; Foreign bodies in the upper airways causing complications and requiring hospitalization in children aged 0-14 years: results from the ESFBI study, 2008; Aug;265(8):971-8. Available from URL http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term= 18210146#

2. Sehgal A, Singh V, Chandra J et all; Radiological and bronchoscopic feature of foreign body aspiration. august 2002.

3. Li F, Jiang, F, Jin X, Qiu Y, Shen X; Pediatric first aid knowledge and attitude among staff in the preschool of shanghai, China, 2012 12:121, Available at URL: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/230670162

4. Joseph N, Narayana T, Zakaria S, Venogopal nair S, et all; Awareness, attitude and practice of first aid among school teachers in manglore, south India,2015;7(4):274-281, Available at URL www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26668832

Received on 03.07.2019 Modified on 19.07.2019

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2019; 7(3):271-274.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2652.2019.00063.5